Pediatric Nurse Exam Pediatric Nurse Management of Acute Illness 4

Question 1

A nurse is caring for a 6-week-old with pyloric stenosis who has been vomiting for 2 weeks. Which electrolyte imbalance is most expected?

Accepted Answer

Hypochloremic hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis

Answer

Repeated vomiting of gastric contents causes loss of HCl, resulting in hypochloremic, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis.

Question 2

A 7-year-old with nephrotic syndrome is admitted with severe edema and ascites. Which dietary instruction is most important?

Accepted Answer

Low-sodium diet with adequate protein intake

Answer

Sodium restriction reduces fluid retention while adequate protein intake helps replace urinary protein losses in nephrotic syndrome.

Question 3

A 4-year-old swallowed a button battery 2 hours ago. X-ray shows it is in the esophagus. What is the priority action?

Accepted Answer

Arrange emergent endoscopic removal

Answer

Esophageal button batteries cause rapid tissue liquefactive necrosis and require emergent endoscopic removal within 2 hours.

Question 4

A 10-year-old with type 1 diabetes presents with polyuria, polydipsia, and a blood glucose of 320 mg/dL but no ketones and a normal pH. Which management is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Give correction dose of subcutaneous insulin and increase hydration

Answer

Without acidosis or significant ketosis, hyperglycemia can be managed with subcutaneous correction insulin and oral hydration.

Question 5

A 3-year-old with severe anaphylaxis receives epinephrine IM. After 5 minutes, symptoms persist. What should the nurse do next?

Accepted Answer

Administer a second dose of IM epinephrine

Answer

A second dose of IM epinephrine is indicated if anaphylaxis symptoms persist or recur 5–15 minutes after the first dose.

Pediatric Nurse Exam Practice Test

Pediatric Nurse Exam Practice Test

Pediatric Nurse Exam Pediatric Nurse Management of Acute Illness 4