NBEO Clinical Optometry & Patient Care

Question 1

What is refraction in an eye examination?

Accepted Answer

The process of determining the correct lens prescription to correct refractive errors like myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism

Answer

Refraction uses objective (retinoscopy, autorefraction) and subjective (phoropter) techniques to determine the precise lens power needed to focus light correctly on the retina, correcting blurry vision.

Question 2

What is myopia and how is it corrected?

Accepted Answer

Nearsightedness where distant objects are blurry because light focuses in front of the retina, corrected with minus (concave) lenses

Answer

In myopia, the eye is too long or the cornea too steep, causing light to focus before the retina. Minus lenses diverge light rays so they focus correctly on the retina.

Question 3

What is glaucoma and how is it detected?

Accepted Answer

A group of diseases that damage the optic nerve, often associated with elevated IOP, detected through tonometry, optic nerve evaluation, and visual field testing

Answer

Glaucoma causes progressive, irreversible optic nerve damage and visual field loss. Detection requires IOP measurement, optic disc evaluation (cupping), OCT nerve fiber analysis, and perimetry (visual field testing).

Question 4

What is a slit lamp examination?

Accepted Answer

A biomicroscopic examination using a high-intensity light source and magnification to examine the anterior and posterior segments of the eye in detail

Answer

The slit lamp biomicroscope projects a thin beam of light at various angles and widths while providing magnified stereoscopic views, allowing detailed examination of the lids, conjunctiva, cornea, iris, lens, and with accessories, the retina.

Question 5

What is diabetic retinopathy?

Accepted Answer

Damage to retinal blood vessels caused by diabetes, progressing from microaneurysms to proliferative neovascularization that can cause blindness

Answer

Diabetic retinopathy damages retinal capillaries, causing microaneurysms, hemorrhages, exudates, and in advanced stages, neovascularization that can lead to vitreous hemorrhage and tractional retinal detachment.

NBEO - National Board of Examiners in Optometry Practice Test

NBEO - National Board of Examiners in Optometry Practice Test

NBEO Clinical Optometry & Patient Care