NBEO Pharmacology & Ocular Disease Treatment

Question 1

What class of medication is used as first-line treatment for glaucoma?

Accepted Answer

Prostaglandin analogs (e.g., latanoprost) that increase uveoscleral outflow to lower intraocular pressure

Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Antihistamines

Answer

Corticosteroids

Question 2

What are cycloplegic and mydriatic agents used for in optometry?

Accepted Answer

Cycloplegics paralyze accommodation for accurate refraction; mydriatics dilate the pupil for fundus examination

Answer

They treat eye infections

Answer

They lower intraocular pressure

Answer

They improve night vision

Question 3

What are anti-VEGF injections used to treat?

Accepted Answer

Wet age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular edema by blocking vascular endothelial growth factor that drives abnormal blood vessel growth

Answer

Dry eyes

Answer

Cataracts

Answer

Refractive errors

Question 4

What is the treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis?

Accepted Answer

Topical broad-spectrum antibiotic eye drops or ointment such as fluoroquinolones or erythromycin

Answer

Oral antihistamines

Answer

Steroid injections

Answer

Surgical intervention

Question 5

What are the side effects of topical corticosteroid eye drops?

Accepted Answer

Elevated intraocular pressure (steroid-induced glaucoma), posterior subcapsular cataract formation, and increased risk of infection

Answer

No side effects

Answer

Only mild stinging

Answer

Permanent pupil dilation

Question 6

What is fluorescein staining used for in optometry?

Accepted Answer

To detect corneal epithelial defects, evaluate tear film stability (TBUT), and assess contact lens fitting

Answer

To change eye color temporarily

Answer

To measure intraocular pressure only

Answer

To test pupil reactions