Counseling Human Development and Lifespan

Question 1

Erikson's stage of 'Identity vs. Role Confusion' occurs during which developmental period?

Accepted Answer

Adolescence

Answer

Erikson's fifth psychosocial stage, Identity vs. Role Confusion, occurs during adolescence (ages 12–18) as individuals explore who they are.

Question 2

Piaget's Formal Operational stage begins at approximately what age?

Accepted Answer

11–12 years

Answer

Piaget's Formal Operational stage begins around age 11–12, when children develop the ability to think abstractly and reason about hypothetical situations.

Question 3

Kohlberg's highest level of moral development is called:

Accepted Answer

Postconventional

Answer

Kohlberg's Postconventional level involves reasoning based on abstract principles of justice and universal ethical values, independent of societal laws.

Question 4

Attachment theory, developed by John Bowlby, emphasizes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The importance of early caregiver bonds for emotional development

Answer

Bowlby's attachment theory holds that the quality of early bonds with caregivers creates internal working models that shape future relationships and emotional regulation.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes 'scaffolding' in Vygotsky's theory?

Accepted Answer

Support provided within a child's Zone of Proximal Development

Answer

Scaffolding involves providing temporary support that is gradually withdrawn as the learner gains competence, operating within the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD).

Counseling Practice Test

Counseling Practice Test

Counseling Human Development and Lifespan