OSAT OSAT Child Development and Learning 3 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: According to Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, which system directly encompasses the child's immediate settings such as home, school, and peer group?
- Macrosystem
- Exosystem
- Mesosystem
- Microsystem (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Microsystem
The microsystem is the innermost layer and includes all settings in which the child directly participates, such as family, school, and peer groups.
Question 2: A child who watches an adult model behavior and later imitates it without direct reinforcement is demonstrating:
- Classical conditioning
- Operant conditioning
- Observational learning (Correct answer)
- Habituation
Correct answer: Observational learning
Bandura's observational (social) learning theory explains how children acquire behaviors by observing and imitating models without direct reinforcement.
Question 3: Which developmental milestone is typically achieved by most children around 12 months of age?
- Speaking in complete sentences
- Walking independently (Correct answer)
- Reading simple words
- Drawing recognizable shapes
Correct answer: Walking independently
Walking independently typically emerges around 12 months, though the normal range extends from 9 to 15 months.
Question 4: A teacher wants to support children with different learning preferences. According to Gardner's theory, which of the following would best support a child with strong bodily-kinesthetic intelligence?
- Providing written summaries of lessons
- Using charts and diagrams for instruction
- Incorporating movement and hands-on activities (Correct answer)
- Playing background music during work time
Correct answer: Incorporating movement and hands-on activities
Children with strong bodily-kinesthetic intelligence learn best through physical activity, movement, and manipulation of objects.
Question 5: Which of the following is the BEST example of intrinsic motivation in a child's learning?
- A child reads books to earn stickers on a reward chart
- A child practices spelling to avoid losing recess time
- A child builds elaborate block structures out of personal curiosity (Correct answer)
- A child completes homework to receive praise from her teacher
Correct answer: A child builds elaborate block structures out of personal curiosity
Intrinsic motivation is driven by internal interest and enjoyment rather than external rewards or the avoidance of punishment.
Question 6: During the sensorimotor stage, infants develop object permanence, which refers to the understanding that:
- Objects have permanent physical properties like weight
- Objects continue to exist even when out of sight (Correct answer)
- Objects can be permanently possessed by one person
- Objects serve permanent functional roles
Correct answer: Objects continue to exist even when out of sight
Object permanence, emerging around 8-12 months, is the cognitive understanding that objects exist independently of one's perception of them.
Question 7: A child with a diagnosed learning disability reads significantly below grade level despite average intelligence and appropriate instruction. This pattern is MOST consistent with:
- Intellectual disability
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
- Dyslexia (Correct answer)
- Autism spectrum disorder
Correct answer: Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a specific learning disability characterized by difficulties with accurate and fluent word recognition and decoding, not explained by intelligence or instruction quality.
OSAT OSAT Child Development and Learning 3
According to Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, which system directly encompasses the child's immediate settings such as home, school, and peer group?