OGET Science & Scientific Inquiry 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which of the following best describes the purpose of a control group in a scientific experiment?
- To serve as a baseline for comparison against the experimental group (Correct answer)
- To introduce the independent variable to test its effects
- To record the dependent variable measurements
- To eliminate all variables from the experiment
Correct answer: To serve as a baseline for comparison against the experimental group
A control group provides a baseline by keeping all conditions constant, allowing researchers to isolate and measure the effect of the independent variable.
Question 2: In the scientific method, a hypothesis is best defined as:
- A proven fact supported by multiple experiments
- A testable prediction or explanation for an observation (Correct answer)
- A summary of experimental results
- A question about a natural phenomenon
Correct answer: A testable prediction or explanation for an observation
A hypothesis is a testable, falsifiable prediction or explanation that can be investigated through experimentation and observation.
Question 3: Which of the following is an example of qualitative data collected during a science experiment?
- The temperature of a solution measured in degrees Celsius
- The mass of a sample recorded in grams
- The color change observed when two chemicals are combined (Correct answer)
- The time elapsed during a chemical reaction in seconds
Correct answer: The color change observed when two chemicals are combined
Qualitative data describes non-numerical characteristics or observations, such as color, texture, or smell, unlike quantitative data which involves measurements.
Question 4: Newton's Third Law of Motion states that:
- An object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an external force
- Force equals mass times acceleration
- For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction (Correct answer)
- The acceleration of an object is inversely proportional to its mass
Correct answer: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
Newton's Third Law states that for every action force, there is an equal and opposite reaction force acting on a different object.
Question 5: Which type of rock is formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava?
- Sedimentary
- Metamorphic
- Igneous (Correct answer)
- Composite
Correct answer: Igneous
Igneous rocks form when molten material (magma below ground or lava above ground) cools and solidifies, such as granite and basalt.
Question 6: Photosynthesis primarily occurs in plant cells within which organelle?
- Mitochondria
- Nucleus
- Chloroplast (Correct answer)
- Vacuole
Correct answer: Chloroplast
Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and are the sites of photosynthesis, where light energy is converted into chemical energy (glucose).
Question 7: Which of the following best illustrates the concept of a food web in an ecosystem?
- A single linear chain showing one predator and one prey species
- A diagram showing interconnected feeding relationships among multiple species (Correct answer)
- A chart showing the energy produced by each organism in a habitat
- A map showing the geographic range of species in an area
Correct answer: A diagram showing interconnected feeding relationships among multiple species
A food web shows the complex, interconnected feeding relationships among many species in an ecosystem, unlike the simpler linear food chain.
OGET Science & Scientific Inquiry 1
Which of the following best describes the purpose of a control group in a scientific experiment?