Science & Scientific Inquiry Flashcards

Which of the following best describes the purpose of a control group in a scientific experiment?

Answer: To serve as a baseline for comparison against the experimental group

A control group provides a baseline by keeping all conditions constant, allowing researchers to isolate and measure the effect of the independent variable.

In the scientific method, a hypothesis is best defined as:

Answer: A testable prediction or explanation for an observation

A hypothesis is a testable, falsifiable prediction or explanation that can be investigated through experimentation and observation.

Which of the following is an example of qualitative data collected during a science experiment?

Answer: The color change observed when two chemicals are combined

Qualitative data describes non-numerical characteristics or observations, such as color, texture, or smell, unlike quantitative data which involves measurements.

Newton's Third Law of Motion states that:

Answer: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

Newton's Third Law states that for every action force, there is an equal and opposite reaction force acting on a different object.

Which type of rock is formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava?

Answer: Igneous

Igneous rocks form when molten material (magma below ground or lava above ground) cools and solidifies, such as granite and basalt.

Photosynthesis primarily occurs in plant cells within which organelle?

Answer: Chloroplast

Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and are the sites of photosynthesis, where light energy is converted into chemical energy (glucose).

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of a food web in an ecosystem?

Answer: A diagram showing interconnected feeding relationships among multiple species

A food web shows the complex, interconnected feeding relationships among many species in an ecosystem, unlike the simpler linear food chain.