NYSTCE Biology (006) Flashcards

What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Answer: Mitosis produces 2 diploid cells for growth; meiosis produces 4 haploid cells for reproduction

Mitosis produces 2 genetically identical diploid cells for growth and repair; meiosis produces 4 genetically varied haploid cells for sexual reproduction.

Which blood type is considered the universal donor for red blood cell transfusions?

Answer: Type O negative

Type O negative red blood cells lack A, B, and Rh antigens, so they can be transfused to any recipient without triggering an immune response.

In Mendelian genetics, if two heterozygous tall plants (Tt) are crossed, what percentage of offspring will be short (tt)?

Answer: 25%

A Tt × Tt cross yields a 3:1 ratio (TT, Tt, Tt, tt), so 25% of offspring will be homozygous recessive (tt) and short.

Which part of the human brain is responsible for regulating vital functions such as breathing and heart rate?

Answer: Brain stem

The brain stem (medulla oblongata) controls involuntary vital functions including breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure.

Which type of symbiotic relationship benefits one organism while the other is neither harmed nor helped?

Answer: Commensalism

Commensalism is a relationship where one organism benefits and the other is unaffected, such as barnacles on a whale.

What does the term 'biodiversity' refer to in an ecological context?

Answer: The variety of life forms including species, genes, and ecosystems in a region

Biodiversity encompasses genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity within a given area.