Criminal Investigation and Evidence Flashcards

Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects against unreasonable searches and seizures?

Answer: Fourth Amendment

The Fourth Amendment prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures and generally requires law enforcement to obtain a warrant supported by probable cause.

What is 'exculpatory evidence' in a criminal investigation?

Answer: Evidence that tends to clear a suspect of guilt

Exculpatory evidence tends to show that a suspect is innocent or reduces their culpability, and must be disclosed to the defense under Brady v. Maryland.

Which of the following describes a 'consensual encounter' with police?

Answer: A voluntary interaction where the person is free to leave

A consensual encounter occurs when a person voluntarily speaks with an officer with no detention, meaning they are free to walk away at any time.

What is the primary purpose of an autopsy in a homicide investigation?

Answer: To determine the cause and manner of death

An autopsy is a medical examination performed by a medical examiner or coroner to determine the cause (how death occurred) and manner (natural, accidental, homicide, suicide) of death.

What is 'modus operandi' (MO) in criminal investigation?

Answer: The characteristic method a criminal uses to commit crimes

Modus operandi refers to a criminal's habitual method of operation, which can help link related crimes and identify suspects.

Under New York law, which crime involves unlawfully entering a building to commit a crime inside?

Answer: Burglary

Burglary in New York involves unlawfully entering or remaining in a building with intent to commit a crime therein.