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Cardiovascular Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

7 cards from real NTA practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Cardiovascular Anatomy and Physiology flashcards as text

  1. Which structure initiates the normal electrical impulse of the heart?

    Answer: Sinoatrial (SA) node

    The SA node, located in the right atrium, is the heart's primary pacemaker and initiates the normal electrical impulse.

  2. What is the normal intrinsic rate of the AV node when it acts as a secondary pacemaker?

    Answer: 40–60 bpm

    The AV node has an intrinsic rate of 40–60 bpm, slower than the SA node, which normally suppresses it.

  3. Which layer of the heart wall is responsible for the pumping action?

    Answer: Myocardium

    The myocardium is the thick muscular middle layer of the heart wall that contracts to pump blood.

  4. Deoxygenated blood from the body returns to which heart chamber first?

    Answer: Right atrium

    Systemic venous blood returns via the superior and inferior vena cava into the right atrium.

  5. What is the primary function of the tricuspid valve?

    Answer: Prevents backflow from the right ventricle into the right atrium

    The tricuspid valve sits between the right atrium and right ventricle, preventing regurgitation during ventricular contraction.

  6. The electrical impulse is delayed at the AV node primarily to:

    Answer: Allow the ventricles to fill completely before contracting

    The AV node delay (0.12–0.20 sec) allows time for atrial contraction to complete ventricular filling before ventricular systole.

  7. Which coronary artery most commonly supplies the SA node?

    Answer: Right coronary artery (RCA)

    In approximately 60% of people the SA node is supplied by the right coronary artery, making RCA occlusion a cause of SA node dysfunction.

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