NPS Infection Prevention and Control 2

Question 1

During an outbreak of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in a NICU, which pathogen is most commonly implicated in epidemic NEC clusters?

Accepted Answer

Cronobacter sakazakii

Answer

Cronobacter sakazakii (formerly Enterobacter sakazakii) is strongly associated with epidemic NEC outbreaks in premature neonates, often traced to contaminated powdered infant formula.

Question 2

Which element of the central line insertion bundle is considered most critical for CLABSI prevention?

Accepted Answer

Maximal sterile barrier precautions during catheter insertion

Answer

Maximal sterile barrier precautions — cap, mask, sterile gown, sterile gloves, and full-body sterile drape — at the time of insertion are the most effective bundle component for preventing CLABSI.

Question 3

What is the recommended empirical antibiotic regimen for early-onset neonatal sepsis in a term neonate?

Accepted Answer

Ampicillin and gentamicin

Answer

Ampicillin and gentamicin is the standard first-line empirical regimen for early-onset sepsis, providing coverage for the predominant pathogens: Group B Streptococcus, Listeria monocytogenes, and gram-negative enteric organisms.

Question 4

A transport team prepares to move a neonate with confirmed pertussis. What isolation precautions are required during transport?

Accepted Answer

Droplet precautions

Answer

Pertussis (Bordetella pertussis) is transmitted by large respiratory droplets; droplet precautions with surgical mask and eye protection are required for healthcare workers within 3 feet of the patient.

Question 5

What is the minimum recommended duration of antibiotic therapy for confirmed gram-negative neonatal bacterial meningitis?

Accepted Answer

21 days minimum

Answer

Gram-negative neonatal bacterial meningitis requires a minimum of 21 days of antibiotic therapy due to the severity of infection, high mortality risk, and potential for relapse.

NPS - Neonatal Pediatric Specialist Practice Test

NPS - Neonatal Pediatric Specialist Practice Test

NPS Infection Prevention and Control 2