Infection Control & Safety Standards Flashcards

What is the primary purpose of infection control in phlebotomy?

Answer: To ensure the safety of the patient and healthcare provider

Infection control is paramount in phlebotomy to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases. By following strict protocols like hand hygiene, PPE use, and proper site preparation, phlebotomists protect both themselves and patients from bloodborne pathogens and other microorganisms. This minimizes the risk of healthcare-associated infections and ensures a safe environment.

What is the correct method for hand hygiene before phlebotomy?

Answer: Wash hands with soap and water or use hand sanitizer

Proper hand hygiene is the single most important measure to prevent the spread of infection in healthcare settings. Washing hands with soap and water or using an alcohol-based hand sanitizer effectively removes or inactivates microorganisms. This critical step must be performed before and after every patient contact to ensure the safety of both the patient and the phlebotomist.

What personal protective equipment (PPE) is required during venipuncture?

Answer: Gloves

Gloves are essential personal protective equipment (PPE) during venipuncture to protect both the phlebotomist and the patient from exposure to bloodborne pathogens. They act as a barrier, preventing direct contact with blood and other potentially infectious materials. While other PPE may be used depending on the risk assessment, gloves are universally required for venipuncture.

What is the first step in infection control before starting the blood collection procedure?

Answer: Cleanse the venipuncture site with an antiseptic

Cleansing the venipuncture site with an antiseptic, such as alcohol or chlorhexidine, is the crucial first step in infection control before needle insertion. This process significantly reduces the number of microorganisms on the skin, preventing them from entering the bloodstream during the draw. Proper site preparation minimizes the risk of local infection or contamination of the blood specimen.

What should be done after using a needle during blood collection?

Answer: Dispose of the needle in a sharps container

After using a needle, it must be immediately disposed of in a puncture-resistant sharps container. This prevents accidental needle-stick injuries, which can transmit bloodborne pathogens to healthcare workers. Recapping needles is strictly prohibited as it is a common cause of such injuries and poses a significant safety risk.

How should contaminated equipment be cleaned?

Answer: Using an approved disinfectant solution

Contaminated equipment must be cleaned and disinfected using solutions specifically approved for healthcare settings. These disinfectants are formulated to kill or inactivate a broad spectrum of pathogens, ensuring the equipment is safe for reuse or disposal. Proper disinfection protocols are crucial for preventing cross-contamination and maintaining a sterile environment.

What is the purpose of using a tourniquet in blood collection?

Answer: To increase blood flow and make veins more visible

A tourniquet is applied above the venipuncture site to temporarily impede venous blood flow, causing blood to pool in the veins. This makes the veins more prominent and easier to palpate and visualize, facilitating successful needle insertion. It is crucial to remove the tourniquet as soon as blood flow is established or within one minute to prevent hemoconcentration.

What is the primary method for preventing needle-stick injuries?

Answer: Proper disposal of needles in a sharps container

The most effective method for preventing needle-stick injuries is the immediate and proper disposal of used needles into an approved, puncture-resistant sharps container. This eliminates the risk of accidental sticks to healthcare workers or others. Recapping needles is a dangerous practice and should always be avoided as it is a leading cause of such injuries.

What should be done if a blood spill occurs in the laboratory?

Answer: Clean with an appropriate disinfectant

Blood spills must be cleaned immediately using an appropriate disinfectant, such as a 1:10 bleach solution or an EPA-registered hospital disinfectant. This is crucial for decontaminating the area and preventing the spread of bloodborne pathogens. Proper personal protective equipment (PPE) should be worn during cleanup to protect the individual.