NEX Biology: Cell Structure and Function 2

Question 1

What is the function of lysosomes in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of cellular waste and foreign materials

Answer

Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down waste materials, cellular debris, and foreign substances such as bacteria.

Question 2

Which organelle is responsible for modifying, packaging, and shipping proteins to their final destinations?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

The Golgi apparatus processes and packages proteins and lipids before directing them to their final destinations inside or outside the cell.

Question 3

What distinguishes active transport from passive transport across the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport requires energy (ATP); passive transport does not

Answer

Active transport uses ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient, while passive transport moves substances along their concentration gradient without energy input.

Question 4

What is the primary role of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

Accepted Answer

Lipid synthesis and detoxification

Answer

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes lipids and steroids and is involved in detoxifying harmful substances, especially in liver cells.

Question 5

What is phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

The process by which a cell engulfs large particles or microorganisms

Answer

Phagocytosis is a type of endocytosis where the cell surrounds and engulfs large particles or microorganisms using the cell membrane.

(NEX) Nursing Entrance Exam Practice Test

(NEX) Nursing Entrance Exam Practice Test

NEX Biology: Cell Structure and Function 2