Neonatal Nurse Practitioner Exam Respiratory Management 3

Question 1

Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is most likely to occur in which infant?

Accepted Answer

Post-term or term infant with fetal distress

Answer

MAS occurs when a stressed term or post-term fetus passes meconium in utero and aspirates it, causing chemical pneumonitis and airway obstruction.

Question 2

What is the correct PEEP range typically used for a neonate with RDS on conventional ventilation?

Accepted Answer

4-6 cm H2O

Answer

A PEEP of 4-6 cm H2O maintains functional residual capacity and prevents alveolar collapse between breaths in neonates with RDS.

Question 3

Which chest X-ray finding is classic for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in a premature neonate?

Accepted Answer

Diffuse ground-glass appearance with air bronchograms

Answer

RDS classically shows a diffuse ground-glass opacity with air bronchograms due to atelectasis from surfactant deficiency.

Question 4

A neonate receiving CPAP has a sudden increase in FiO2 requirement and bradycardia. The nurse notes muffled heart sounds. What should be suspected?

Accepted Answer

Tension pneumothorax

Answer

Muffled heart sounds, sudden oxygen deterioration, and bradycardia in a CPAP patient are classic signs of tension pneumothorax requiring emergent decompression.

Question 5

Which oxygen saturation target range is recommended for preterm infants less than 35 weeks gestation in the US?

Accepted Answer

91-95%

Answer

The recommended SpO2 target for preterm infants <35 weeks is 91-95% to balance risks of retinopathy of prematurity and hypoxic injury.

Neonatal Nurse Practitioner Exam Practice Test

Neonatal Nurse Practitioner Exam Practice Test

Neonatal Nurse Practitioner Exam Respiratory Management 3