Neonatal Nurse Practitioner Exam Respiratory Management

Question 1

What is the primary goal of surfactant replacement therapy in premature neonates?

Accepted Answer

Decrease alveolar surface tension to prevent collapse

Answer

Reduce lung compliance

Answer

Increase airway resistance

Answer

Promote bronchospasm

Question 2

Which ventilator parameter is most directly adjusted to correct hypercapnia in a ventilated neonate?

Accepted Answer

Tidal volume or respiratory rate

Answer

FiO2

Answer

PEEP

Answer

Flow rate

Question 3

A term neonate has persistent tachypnea, grunting, and a chest X-ray showing fluid in the fissures. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Transient tachypnea of the newborn

Answer

Respiratory distress syndrome

Answer

Meconium aspiration syndrome

Answer

Pneumothorax

Question 4

What is the recommended initial FiO2 for resuscitation of a term neonate at birth in the US?

Accepted Answer

21%

Answer

100%

Answer

40%

Answer

60%

Question 5

Which finding on blood gas is most consistent with respiratory acidosis in a neonate?

Accepted Answer

pH 7.20, PaCO2 65 mmHg

Answer

pH 7.50, PaCO2 28 mmHg

Answer

pH 7.35, PaCO2 40 mmHg

Answer

pH 7.45, PaCO2 38 mmHg

Question 6

High-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) is preferred in which neonatal condition?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE)

Answer

Mild TTN

Answer

Simple apnea of prematurity

Answer

Feeding intolerance