NCMHCE Lifespan Development in Counseling 4

Question 1

A client in their late 20s describes feeling 'in between'—not fully adult, not adolescent—and continues to explore identity, career, and relationships.
This BEST aligns with which developmental concept?

Accepted Answer

Emerging adulthood

Answer

Extended adolescence

Answer

Delayed maturation

Answer

Midlife transition

Question 2

Carol Gilligan critiqued Kohlberg's moral development theory primarily because:

Accepted Answer

It neglected the ethics of care and relationships in female moral development

Answer

It overemphasized postconventional reasoning

Answer

It was based on studies of females only

Answer

It failed to include adolescents in its research sample

Question 3

A child who witnessed parental violence shows contradictory behavior in the Strange Situation—approaching and then suddenly freezing or falling. This MOST likely indicates which attachment pattern?

Accepted Answer

Disorganized-disoriented

Answer

Secure

Answer

Anxious-ambivalent

Answer

Avoidant

Question 4

A counselor explains to a supervisee that temperament is largely biologically based and relatively stable. This understanding aligns with research by:

Accepted Answer

Thomas and Chess

Answer

Bowlby and Ainsworth

Answer

Piaget and Vygotsky

Answer

Erikson and Marcia

Question 5

A 17-year-old is committed to a religious identity chosen by their parents without personally exploring alternatives. According to Marcia, this represents:

Accepted Answer

Identity foreclosure

Answer

Identity diffusion

Answer

Identity moratorium

Answer

Identity achievement

Question 6

Which of the following BEST describes the concept of 'scaffolding' in Vygotsky's sociocultural theory?

Accepted Answer

Providing temporary, adjustable support to help a learner reach the next skill level

Answer

Setting rigid academic expectations for children

Answer

Structuring a child's physical environment for optimal learning

Answer

Repeating instructions until the child demonstrates mastery

Question 7

A counselor working with an elderly client notices the client demonstrates wisdom and acceptance about past regrets. According to Erikson, this reflects successful resolution of which stage?

Accepted Answer

Ego integrity vs. despair

Answer

Generativity vs. stagnation

Answer

Industry vs. inferiority

Answer

Initiative vs. guilt