NCE Human Growth and Development 3

Question 1

Elisabeth Kubler-Ross's stages of grief (DABDA) have been widely used in counseling. Which stage involves bargaining with a higher power or fate to undo the loss?

Accepted Answer

Bargaining

Answer

The Bargaining stage involves attempts to negotiate with God, fate, or medical professionals -- 'If only I had done X, this wouldn't have happened' or 'If you let me live, I promise to...' It reflects an attempt to regain control.

Question 2

Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory identifies the 'mesosystem' as:

Accepted Answer

The connections and interactions between microsystems

Answer

The mesosystem represents the relationships and interactions between different microsystems in a child's life -- for example, the connection between home and school, or between family and peer group.

Question 3

Research on late adulthood (65+) suggests that cognitive decline is NOT uniform. Which cognitive ability is MOST preserved in healthy aging?

Accepted Answer

Crystallized intelligence

Answer

Crystallized intelligence -- accumulated knowledge, vocabulary, and verbal skills -- tends to be well preserved or even increase with age. Fluid intelligence (processing speed, working memory) declines with aging.

Question 4

The 'nature versus nurture' debate in developmental psychology refers to:

Accepted Answer

The ongoing inquiry into the relative contributions of genetics and environment to development

Answer

The nature-nurture debate addresses how much of human development is determined by genetic/biological factors (nature) versus environmental/experiential factors (nurture). Contemporary science recognizes a bidirectional interaction.

Question 5

According to Bandura's Social Learning Theory, which process is MOST critical for observational learning to result in actual behavior change?

Accepted Answer

Self-efficacy and outcome expectations about the modeled behavior

Answer

Bandura emphasized that observational learning requires four processes: Attention, Retention, Reproduction, and Motivation. Motivation is directly linked to self-efficacy (can I do this?) and outcome expectations (will it lead to good outcomes?), making these critical to actual behavior change.

NCE Exam Practice Test

NCE Exam Practice Test

NCE Human Growth and Development 3