NCE Human Growth and Development 3

Question 1

Elisabeth Kubler-Ross's stages of grief (DABDA) have been widely used in counseling. Which stage involves bargaining with a higher power or fate to undo the loss?

Accepted Answer

Bargaining

Answer

Denial

Answer

Anger

Answer

Depression

Question 2

Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory identifies the 'mesosystem' as:

Accepted Answer

The connections and interactions between microsystems

Answer

The broader cultural and societal context affecting development

Answer

The child's immediate family and peer environments

Answer

The indirect influences of institutions and settings not directly containing the child

Question 3

Research on late adulthood (65+) suggests that cognitive decline is NOT uniform. Which cognitive ability is MOST preserved in healthy aging?

Accepted Answer

Crystallized intelligence

Answer

Processing speed

Answer

Working memory capacity

Answer

Executive function speed

Question 4

The 'nature versus nurture' debate in developmental psychology refers to:

Accepted Answer

The ongoing inquiry into the relative contributions of genetics and environment to development

Answer

The conflict between biological drives and social norms

Answer

Whether children develop through stages or continuously

Answer

The question of whether development is universal or culturally specific

Question 5

According to Bandura's Social Learning Theory, which process is MOST critical for observational learning to result in actual behavior change?

Accepted Answer

Self-efficacy and outcome expectations about the modeled behavior

Answer

Contiguity (stimuli must occur close together in time)

Answer

Extinction of competing behaviors through punishment

Answer

Unconscious identification with the model

Question 6

In the context of adolescent development, which developmental task did Erikson associate with the fifth stage: Identity vs. Role Confusion?

Accepted Answer

Developing a coherent and stable sense of self across roles and contexts

Answer

Developing basic trust in caregivers

Answer

Forming intimate relationships with peers and partners

Answer

Achieving generativity through parenting or career contributions