NCE Exam Human Growth and Development 1

Question 1

Vygotsky's concept of the 'Zone of Proximal Development' (ZPD) refers to:

Accepted Answer

The difference between what a learner can do without help and what they can achieve with guidance

Answer

The range of tasks a child can perform independently without any assistance

Answer

The biological ceiling of a child's intellectual potential determined by genetics

Answer

The emotional distance between a child and their primary caregiver

Question 2

According to Bowlby's attachment theory, which phase describes infants (approximately 6–24 months) who show clear preference for specific caregivers and exhibit separation protest?

Accepted Answer

Clear-cut attachment phase

Answer

Pre-attachment phase

Answer

Attachment-in-the-making phase

Answer

Goal-corrected partnership phase

Question 3

In Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, the 'mesosystem' is best described as:

Accepted Answer

The interactions and connections between two or more microsystems

Answer

The cultural values, laws, and customs that broadly influence development

Answer

The direct environment in which a person lives, such as home or classroom

Answer

Indirect settings that affect the person without direct contact, like a parent's workplace

Question 4

According to Freud's psychosexual theory, the 'latency stage' occurs during which approximate age range?

Accepted Answer

Ages 6 to puberty

Answer

Birth to 18 months

Answer

Ages 3 to 6 years

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Adolescence through early adulthood

Question 5

Havighurst's developmental task theory suggests that each life stage presents specific tasks that must be mastered for healthy development. Which task is most associated with middle adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Achieving civic and social responsibility and guiding the next generation

Answer

Establishing an identity separate from parents

Answer

Adjusting to physical decline and retirement

Answer

Developing a sense of trust in the environment

Question 6

Bandura's social learning theory introduced the concept of 'self-efficacy,' which is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A person's belief in their own capacity to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific outcomes

Answer

An innate drive to seek pleasure and avoid pain across the lifespan

Answer

The process by which children internalize the moral standards of their culture

Answer

The reinforcement schedule that most reliably produces new behavior