NCBTMB Anatomy and Physiology 4

Question 1

Which type of joint allows the greatest range of motion and is classified as a synovial joint?

Accepted Answer

Ball-and-socket

Answer

Ball-and-socket joints, such as the hip and shoulder, allow movement in all planes including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation.

Question 2

The femoral triangle is bordered by which three structures?

Accepted Answer

Inguinal ligament, sartorius, and adductor longus

Answer

The femoral triangle is bounded superiorly by the inguinal ligament, laterally by the sartorius, and medially by the adductor longus muscle.

Question 3

Which hormone is produced by the adrenal cortex and plays a key role in regulating sodium retention and potassium excretion?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex that promotes sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion in the kidneys.

Question 4

What is the anatomical term for the movement of turning the palm to face posteriorly (downward when the arm is at the side)?

Accepted Answer

Pronation

Answer

Pronation is the rotational movement of the forearm that turns the palm to face posteriorly, involving the radius crossing over the ulna.

Question 5

Which cells in the bone produce new bone matrix and are derived from osteogenic cells?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts

Answer

Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells that synthesize and secrete collagen and other components of the bone matrix, eventually becoming trapped as osteocytes.

NCBTMB Exam Practice Test

NCBTMB Exam Practice Test

NCBTMB Anatomy and Physiology 4