Applied Sciences & Nutrition Flashcards

Which hormone, secreted by the pancreas, promotes the uptake of glucose into cells and is anabolic?

Answer: Insulin

Insulin is an anabolic hormone that facilitates glucose uptake and storage in cells.

Cortisol is best described as which type of hormone in the context of exercise and stress?

Answer: A catabolic hormone released during stress

Cortisol is a catabolic stress hormone that can break down tissue and is elevated during prolonged stress.

Which of the following is the primary site of fat (beta) oxidation within the cell?

Answer: Mitochondria

Beta-oxidation of fatty acids occurs in the mitochondria, the cell's aerobic energy-producing organelle.

What does the term 'thermic effect of food' (TEF) refer to?

Answer: Energy expended to digest, absorb, and metabolize food

TEF is the energy the body uses to digest, absorb, and process the nutrients in food.

Which component typically accounts for the largest portion of total daily energy expenditure in most people?

Answer: Basal (resting) metabolic rate

Basal metabolic rate, the energy to sustain life at rest, is usually the largest share of daily energy expenditure.

Glycogen, the storage form of carbohydrate, is primarily stored in which two locations?

Answer: Liver and skeletal muscle

Glycogen is stored mainly in the liver and skeletal muscle for later energy use.

Which essential nutrient cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from the diet, exemplified by linoleic acid?

Answer: Essential fatty acids

Essential fatty acids like linoleic acid must come from the diet because the body cannot make them.