MNT Nail Anatomy & Disorders 3

Question 1

Which layer of the nail plate is produced primarily by the proximal portion of the matrix?

Accepted Answer

Dorsal (upper) layer

Answer

The proximal matrix generates the harder dorsal layer of the nail plate, while the distal matrix produces the softer ventral layer.

Question 2

Terry's nails, characterized by white opacification of most of the nail with a distal pink or brown band, are associated with:

Accepted Answer

Hepatic cirrhosis and systemic disease

Answer

Terry's nails are classically associated with hepatic cirrhosis, heart failure, and diabetes.

Question 3

Koilonychia, or spoon nails, is most commonly associated with:

Accepted Answer

Iron-deficiency anemia

Answer

Koilonychia produces concave, spoon-shaped nails and is strongly associated with iron-deficiency anemia.

Question 4

The nail plate is composed mainly of:

Accepted Answer

Hard keratin

Answer

The nail plate consists primarily of hard (alpha) keratin, making it firm and protective.

Question 5

Paronychia is defined as inflammation of the:

Accepted Answer

Periungual soft tissue (nail fold)

Answer

Paronychia is infection or inflammation of the skin surrounding the nail, most often caused by bacteria or Candida.

(MNT) Certified Medical Nail Technician Practice Test