MLS Blood Banking & Transfusion Medicine 2

Question 1

Which transfusion reaction presents with fever, chills, and rigors within 1–6 hours post-transfusion without evidence of hemolysis?

Accepted Answer

Febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction (FNHTR)

Answer

FNHTR is caused by recipient antibodies against donor leukocyte HLA antigens or by cytokines that accumulate in stored blood products, producing fever without red cell destruction.

Question 2

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is primarily caused by:

Accepted Answer

Donor antibodies activating recipient neutrophils in the lung vasculature

Answer

TRALI is predominantly caused by donor anti-HLA or anti-neutrophil antibodies that activate recipient neutrophils, triggering inflammatory lung injury within 6 hours of transfusion.

Question 3

An antibody identification panel in the blood bank is primarily used to:

Accepted Answer

Identify the specificity of unexpected antibodies in patient serum

Answer

An antibody identification panel uses a set of reagent red cells with known antigen profiles to determine the specificity of an unexpected antibody detected in the patient's serum or plasma.

Question 4

The Kleihauer-Betke acid elution test is used to:

Accepted Answer

Quantify the volume of fetal red cells in maternal circulation

Answer

The Kleihauer-Betke test detects fetal hemoglobin (HbF) resistant to acid elution in maternal blood, allowing calculation of fetomaternal hemorrhage volume to determine Rh immune globulin dosing.

Question 5

An acute hemolytic transfusion reaction (AHTR) is most commonly caused by:

Accepted Answer

ABO incompatibility due to clerical or identification error

Answer

The majority of fatal AHTRs result from ABO incompatibility caused by clerical errors — such as transfusing the wrong blood to the wrong patient — leading to complement-mediated intravascular hemolysis.

(MLS) Medical Laboratory Scientist Practice Test

(MLS) Medical Laboratory Scientist Practice Test

MLS Blood Banking & Transfusion Medicine 2