MLPAO Urinalysis and Body Fluids Fundamentals 1

Question 1

What is the preferred urine specimen for routine urinalysis?

Accepted Answer

First morning midstream clean-catch specimen

Answer

Random collection

Answer

24-hour collection

Answer

Post-prandial specimen

Question 2

What are the three components of a complete urinalysis?

Accepted Answer

Physical examination (colour, clarity, specific gravity), chemical examination (dipstick), and microscopic examination (sediment)

Answer

Color, clarity, and specific gravity only

Answer

Dipstick and culture only

Answer

Microscopic examination only

Question 3

What does a positive nitrite test on a urine dipstick indicate?

Accepted Answer

Presence of bacteria (particularly gram-negative) that reduce dietary nitrate to nitrite

Answer

Normal finding

Answer

Kidney stones

Answer

Dehydration

Question 4

What is the principle of the leukocyte esterase test on the dipstick?

Accepted Answer

It detects an enzyme released from lysed granulocytes (neutrophils), indicating pyuria

Answer

It detects intact white blood cells by size

Answer

It measures white blood cell count directly

Answer

It detects bacteria in the urine

Question 5

Which urine cast is most indicative of glomerulonephritis?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cell cast

Answer

Hyaline cast

Answer

Granular cast

Answer

Waxy cast

Question 6

What does the urine specific gravity measure?

Accepted Answer

The concentration of dissolved solutes in urine relative to water

Answer

Urine volume

Answer

Urine pH

Answer

The number of cells in urine