Mettl Critical Thinking 2

Question 1

An advertisement claims: '9 out of 10 dentists recommend Brand X toothpaste.' What is the most important question to ask before accepting this claim?

Accepted Answer

How many dentists were surveyed and how were they selected?

Answer

What flavor is Brand X?

Answer

Who made the toothpaste?

Answer

Is Brand X expensive?

Question 2

A manager concludes: 'Our customer satisfaction scores rose after we changed the packaging. Therefore, the new packaging caused the improvement.' What logical fallacy is this?

Accepted Answer

Post hoc ergo propter hoc (correlation as causation)

Answer

Straw man fallacy

Answer

Ad hominem fallacy

Answer

Appeal to authority

Question 3

You are reviewing a project proposal. The author has extensive credentials but the methodology has clear flaws. How should you evaluate the proposal?

Accepted Answer

Evaluate the methodology on its merits, separate from the author's credentials

Answer

Accept it based on the author's credentials

Answer

Reject it based on the methodology flaws regardless of credentials

Answer

Ask someone else to evaluate it

Question 4

A study finds that employees who drink coffee are more productive. A company therefore decides to provide free coffee to boost productivity. What is the critical flaw in this reasoning?

Accepted Answer

Correlation between coffee drinking and productivity doesn't establish that coffee causes productivity

Answer

Coffee is expensive

Answer

The company should ask employees before deciding

Answer

Productivity can't be measured

Question 5

Which question best exemplifies higher-order critical thinking (as per Bloom's Taxonomy)?

Accepted Answer

How would you redesign this process to eliminate the identified inefficiency?

Answer

What is the capital of France?

Answer

When was the policy implemented?

Answer

Who wrote the report?

Question 6

A report presents two options: Option A saves 200 lives, Option B has a 1/3 probability of saving all 600 lives and 2/3 probability of saving no one. Most people choose Option A. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Framing effect / risk aversion in gains

Answer

Risk-seeking behavior

Answer

Overconfidence bias

Answer

Availability heuristic