MBBS Pharmacology 3

Question 1

Which drug is used to reverse benzodiazepine overdose?

Accepted Answer

Flumazenil

Answer

Flumazenil is a competitive antagonist at GABA-A benzodiazepine receptors and can reverse benzodiazepine sedation, but has a short half-life.

Question 2

The first-pass metabolism effect is most significant for drugs administered by which route?

Accepted Answer

Oral

Answer

Orally administered drugs pass through the gut wall and liver before reaching systemic circulation, where extensive first-pass metabolism can significantly reduce bioavailability.

Question 3

Which class of drugs inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes and reduces prostaglandin synthesis?

Accepted Answer

NSAIDs

Answer

NSAIDs inhibit COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, reducing prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis to provide anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects.

Question 4

Which aminoglycoside antibiotic is associated with nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity?

Accepted Answer

Gentamicin

Answer

Gentamicin accumulates in renal proximal tubular cells and cochlear hair cells, causing dose-dependent nephrotoxicity and irreversible ototoxicity.

Question 5

Digoxin toxicity is worsened by which electrolyte imbalance?

Accepted Answer

Hypokalemia

Answer

Hypokalemia increases digoxin binding to Na+/K+-ATPase, potentiating its toxic effects including arrhythmias.

MBBS - Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery Practice Test

MBBS - Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery Practice Test

MBBS Pharmacology 3