LLM International Law 2

Question 1

Under the New York Convention (1958), contracting states are obligated to:

Accepted Answer

Recognize and enforce foreign arbitral awards subject to limited exceptions

Answer

The Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards requires contracting states to recognize and enforce foreign arbitral awards, subject to narrow grounds for refusal.

Question 2

The 'nationality of claims' rule in diplomatic protection provides that:

Accepted Answer

A state may only bring an international claim on behalf of its nationals

Answer

Under the nationality of claims rule, a state may exercise diplomatic protection only for persons who are its nationals at the time the injury occurred and when the claim is presented.

Question 3

In international trade law, what does the 'most-favored-nation' (MFN) principle under GATT require?

Accepted Answer

Any trade advantage given to one WTO member must be extended to all other WTO members

Answer

GATT Article I requires WTO members to extend any trade advantage, favor, privilege, or immunity granted to goods of one member immediately and unconditionally to like goods of all other members.

Question 4

What is 'customary international law' and how is it formed?

Accepted Answer

General state practice combined with opinio juris (belief of legal obligation)

Answer

Customary international law arises from consistent general state practice combined with opinio juris — states' belief that the practice is legally required rather than merely habitual.

Question 5

Under the UN Charter, what is the primary basis for the Security Council's authority to authorize the use of force?

Accepted Answer

Chapter VII powers to address threats to international peace and security

Answer

Chapter VII of the UN Charter grants the Security Council authority to determine threats to peace and authorize enforcement measures, including military force.

LLM - Master of Laws Practice Test

LLM - Master of Laws Practice Test

LLM International Law 2