Keystone Test Biology: Cell Processes/Transport 3

Question 1

Facilitated diffusion differs from simple diffusion because it requires which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Protein channels or carriers

Answer

ATP energy

Answer

A concentration gradient reversal

Answer

The Golgi apparatus

Question 2

During lactic acid fermentation in human muscle cells, what happens to pyruvate?

Accepted Answer

It is converted to lactic acid to regenerate NAD+

Answer

It enters the Krebs cycle

Answer

It is broken down into CO2 and water

Answer

It is converted to ethanol

Question 3

Which of the following BEST describes the function of the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

It uses ATP to move 3 Na+ out and 2 K+ into the cell

Answer

It moves Na+ and K+ down their concentration gradients

Answer

It allows free diffusion of ions across the membrane

Answer

It transports glucose into the cell

Question 4

A plant cell placed in a hypertonic solution will undergo plasmolysis. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

The cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall as water leaves

Answer

The cell membrane ruptures from excess water

Answer

The cell wall breaks down

Answer

The chloroplasts stop photosynthesizing

Question 5

Which waste product of cellular respiration is removed from the body through the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide

Answer

Oxygen

Answer

Water only

Answer

Lactic acid

Question 6

What is the role of NADH and FADH2 in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

They carry electrons to the electron transport chain

Answer

They directly produce ATP in glycolysis

Answer

They break down glucose into pyruvate

Answer

They absorb light energy for the cell

Question 7

Which characteristic makes the cell membrane selectively permeable?

Accepted Answer

Its phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins

Answer

Its rigid cellulose structure

Answer

Its single layer of proteins

Answer

Its connection to the cytoskeleton only