ITI Translation Theory 4

Question 1

Andre Lefevere's concept of 'patronage' in translation refers to:

Accepted Answer

The powers—persons, institutions, or ideologies—that commission, publish, and control translations

Answer

Lefevere used 'patronage' to describe the ideological and economic forces external to the literary system that influence which texts get translated and how.

Question 2

The concept of 'loss and gain' in translation theory acknowledges that:

Accepted Answer

What cannot be transferred from source to target is inevitably offset by new meanings or effects created in the target text

Answer

Translation scholars accept that some source-text features are untranslatable, but compensatory strategies can introduce equivalent or new effects in the target text.

Question 3

How does Chesterman's concept of 'translation norms' differ from Toury's?

Accepted Answer

Chesterman proposes norms as professional ethical expectations (expectancy and professional norms) whereas Toury treats them as empirically observed regularities

Answer

Chesterman distinguishes expectancy norms (set by target-culture expectations) from professional norms (accountability, communication, relation) as prescriptive standards for the profession.

Question 4

What is the significance of the 'unit of translation' in translation theory?

Accepted Answer

It refers to the minimal stretch of source text for which a translator seeks a target-language equivalent

Answer

The unit of translation can range from a morpheme to a whole text, and debate about its appropriate size reflects deeper disagreements about meaning, context, and equivalence.

Question 5

In translation, 'compensation in kind' means the translator:

Accepted Answer

Replaces a source-language effect that cannot be reproduced with a different but functionally equivalent effect in the target language

Answer

Compensation in kind involves substituting one type of stylistic or rhetorical device for another to achieve an equivalent overall effect when a direct transfer is impossible.

(ITI) Institute of Translation and Interpreting Diploma in Translation Practice Test

(ITI) Institute of Translation and Interpreting Diploma in Translation Practice Test

ITI Translation Theory 4