Arrhythmias Flashcards

Which of the following is the most common type of sustained arrhythmia in clinical practice?

Answer: Atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia encountered in clinical practice, affecting millions worldwide. It is characterized by disorganized electrical activity in the atria, leading to an irregular and often rapid ventricular response. Its prevalence increases significantly with age and it is a major risk factor for stroke.

Which arrhythmia is characterized by a "sawtooth" pattern on an electrocardiogram (ECG)?

Answer: Atrial flutter

Atrial flutter is an arrhythmia characterized by a rapid, regular atrial rhythm, typically between 250-350 beats per minute. This rapid atrial activity produces a distinctive 'sawtooth' pattern on the electrocardiogram (ECG) in leads II, III, and aVF, which is a hallmark diagnostic feature. This pattern results from a re-entrant circuit within the right atrium.

What is the typical heart rate range associated with sinus tachycardia?

Answer: 100-150 beats per minute

Sinus tachycardia is defined as a sinus rhythm with a heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute. While it can go higher, the typical range associated with common physiological responses to stress, exercise, or fever often falls within 100-150 bpm. This range helps distinguish it from more rapid supraventricular tachycardias or other pathological rhythms.

Which of the following is the most appropriate initial treatment for a hemodynamically unstable patient with ventricular tachycardia?

Answer: Synchronized cardioversion

For a hemodynamically unstable patient with ventricular tachycardia (VT), synchronized cardioversion is the most appropriate initial treatment. This procedure delivers a controlled electrical shock synchronized with the patient's QRS complex, aiming to reset the heart's electrical activity and restore a stable rhythm. This rapid intervention is crucial to prevent further hemodynamic compromise and potential cardiac arrest.

Which arrhythmia is typically associated with a prolonged QT interval and can lead to Torsades de Pointes?

Answer: Long QT syndrome

Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a disorder of the heart's electrical activity characterized by a prolonged QT interval on the electrocardiogram. This prolongation increases the risk of developing a life-threatening polymorphic ventricular tachycardia called Torsades de Pointes. Torsades de Pointes can lead to symptoms such as syncope, seizures, or even sudden cardiac death, making LQTS a serious condition.