IBHRE Syncope and Autonomic Disorders

Question 1

What is the most common type of syncope in the general population?

Accepted Answer

Vasovagal syncope

Answer

Cardiac syncope

Answer

Orthostatic hypotension

Answer

Carotid sinus syncope

Question 2

Orthostatic hypotension is defined as a sustained reduction in systolic blood pressure of at least how many mmHg within 3 minutes of standing?

Accepted Answer

20 mmHg

Answer

10 mmHg

Answer

30 mmHg

Answer

40 mmHg

Question 3

The cardioinhibitory type of vasovagal syncope is primarily characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Significant bradycardia or asystole with minimal hypotension

Answer

Hypotension with little or no bradycardia

Answer

Both equal bradycardia and hypotension

Answer

Tachycardia followed by sudden loss of consciousness

Question 4

Carotid sinus hypersensitivity is diagnosed when carotid sinus massage produces a ventricular pause of at least:

Accepted Answer

3 seconds

Answer

2 seconds

Answer

4 seconds

Answer

5 seconds

Question 5

POTS (Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome) is defined by a heart rate increase of at least how many beats per minute upon standing within 10 minutes, without orthostatic hypotension?

Accepted Answer

30 bpm

Answer

20 bpm

Answer

40 bpm

Answer

50 bpm

Question 6

Which alpha-1 adrenergic agonist is used to treat neurally mediated syncope and orthostatic hypotension by increasing peripheral vascular resistance?

Accepted Answer

Midodrine

Answer

Fludrocortisone

Answer

Metoprolol

Answer

Pyridostigmine

Question 7

The vasodepressor type of vasovagal syncope is primarily characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Hypotension with little or no bradycardia

Answer

Significant bradycardia without meaningful hypotension

Answer

Asystole lasting more than 3 seconds

Answer

Tachycardia as the dominant feature