Histology Certification Pathological Changes 5

Question 1

In amyloidosis, the Congo Red stain under polarized light produces which characteristic appearance?

Accepted Answer

Apple-green birefringence

Answer

Congo Red-stained amyloid deposits show apple-green birefringence under polarized light due to the cross-beta-pleated sheet protein configuration.

Question 2

Cloudy swelling (hydropic degeneration) at the ultrastructural level corresponds to swelling of which organelle?

Accepted Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria

Answer

Early reversible cell injury causes failure of the Na+/K+-ATPase pump, leading to intracellular Na+ and water accumulation, predominantly swelling the ER and mitochondria.

Question 3

Councilman bodies (acidophilic bodies) seen in viral hepatitis represent which process?

Accepted Answer

Apoptosis of individual hepatocytes

Answer

Councilman bodies are eosinophilic remnants of hepatocytes that have undergone apoptosis, often from immune-mediated killing in viral hepatitis.

Question 4

Which term describes the pathological accumulation of glycogen in the nuclei of hepatocytes, classically seen in diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear glycogenation

Answer

Nuclear glycogenation (nuclear glycogen accumulation) produces clear, empty-appearing hepatocyte nuclei on H&E and is a common incidental finding in diabetic patients.

Question 5

Lipofuscin, an indicator of cellular aging and oxidative stress, appears histologically as:

Accepted Answer

Fine yellow-brown granules in the cytoplasm

Answer

Lipofuscin ('wear-and-tear pigment') accumulates as indigestible oxidized lipid-protein complexes in secondary lysosomes, appearing as fine yellow-brown cytoplasmic granules.

Histology Certification Practice Test

Histology Certification Practice Test

Histology Certification Pathological Changes 5