Histology Certification Pathological Changes 5

Question 1

In amyloidosis, the Congo Red stain under polarized light produces which characteristic appearance?

Accepted Answer

Apple-green birefringence

Answer

Metachromatic purple color

Answer

Bright red fluorescence

Answer

Yellow-brown pigmentation

Question 2

Cloudy swelling (hydropic degeneration) at the ultrastructural level corresponds to swelling of which organelle?

Accepted Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Lysosomes

Question 3

Councilman bodies (acidophilic bodies) seen in viral hepatitis represent which process?

Accepted Answer

Apoptosis of individual hepatocytes

Answer

Fatty change of hepatocytes

Answer

Ballooning degeneration

Answer

Glycogen accumulation

Question 4

Which term describes the pathological accumulation of glycogen in the nuclei of hepatocytes, classically seen in diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear glycogenation

Answer

Nuclear hyperchromasia

Answer

Karyomegaly

Answer

Intranuclear inclusion body

Question 5

Lipofuscin, an indicator of cellular aging and oxidative stress, appears histologically as:

Accepted Answer

Fine yellow-brown granules in the cytoplasm

Answer

Coarse blue granules in the nucleus

Answer

Clear vacuoles around the nucleus

Answer

Homogeneous pink deposits between cells

Question 6

Hyaline degeneration of arterial walls (hyaline arteriolosclerosis) is most commonly associated with which systemic condition?

Accepted Answer

Hypertension and diabetes mellitus

Answer

Hyperthyroidism

Answer

Iron deficiency anemia

Answer

Hypothyroidism

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the histological appearance of a tissue infarct after 24–48 hours in the myocardium?

Accepted Answer

Preserved ghost outlines of myocytes with pyknotic/karyorrhectic nuclei and early neutrophil infiltration

Answer

No visible change under light microscopy

Answer

Complete liquefaction and macrophage infiltration

Answer

Dense collagen deposition and fibrosis