Histology Certification Pathological Changes 3

Question 1

Which cellular adaptation is defined as an increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ?

Accepted Answer

Hyperplasia

Answer

Hyperplasia is an increase in cell number (proliferation), while hypertrophy is an increase in cell size.

Question 2

Barrett's esophagus is a classic example of which type of cellular adaptation?

Accepted Answer

Glandular metaplasia

Answer

In Barrett's esophagus, chronic acid reflux causes normal stratified squamous epithelium to be replaced by columnar (intestinal-type) glandular epithelium — a metaplasia.

Question 3

Atrophy caused by loss of innervation to skeletal muscle is best classified as which type?

Accepted Answer

Denervation atrophy

Answer

Denervation atrophy results from loss of trophic nerve supply to muscle, causing rapid muscle wasting.

Question 4

In dysplasia, which of the following histological features is NOT typically observed?

Accepted Answer

Invasion through the basement membrane

Answer

Dysplasia by definition remains confined above the basement membrane; invasion through it indicates carcinoma.

Question 5

Physiological hyperplasia of the breast during pregnancy is driven primarily by which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen and progesterone

Answer

Estrogen and progesterone together drive ductal and lobular hyperplasia in the breast during pregnancy.

Histology Certification Practice Test

Histology Certification Practice Test

Histology Certification Pathological Changes 3