HESI Practice Test: Video 1 Answers (25 Questions) — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Ligaments connect which two structures?
- Muscle to bone
- Bone to bone (Correct answer)
- Muscle to muscle
- Tendon to bone
Correct answer: Bone to bone
Ligaments are strong, fibrous bands of connective tissue that primarily connect bones to other bones. Their main function is to stabilize joints, limit excessive movement, and prevent dislocations. In contrast, tendons connect muscles to bones.
Question 2: A person with AB- blood should not receive blood from which other blood type?
- A-
- O-
- AB+ (Correct answer)
- B-
Correct answer: AB+
A person with AB- blood has A and B antigens but lacks the Rh factor. They can safely receive blood from A-, B-, O-, and AB- donors. However, they cannot receive AB+ blood because it contains the Rh antigen, which their immune system would recognize as foreign and attack, leading to a severe transfusion reaction.
Question 3: Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
- Pulmonary artery
- Pulmonary vein (Correct answer)
- Superior vena cava
- Aorta
Correct answer: Pulmonary vein
The pulmonary veins return oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium.
Question 4: Which of the following is not produced by an exocrine gland?
- Milk
- Saliva
- Digestive enzymes
- Adrenaline (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Adrenaline
Exocrine glands secrete their products, such as milk, digestive enzymes, or saliva, into ducts that lead to an external surface or internal cavity. Adrenaline (epinephrine) is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands, which are endocrine glands. Endocrine glands release their secretions (hormones) directly into the bloodstream, without using ducts.
Question 5: What is the largest organ of the human body?
- Liver
- Brain
- Lungs
- Skin (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Skin
The skin is the body's largest organ by surface area and weight.
Question 6: What is the closest definition of the word occlude?
- To leave out
- To forget
- To revisit
- To close tightly (Correct answer)
Correct answer: To close tightly
To occlude means to stop, close up, or block an opening or passage. In a medical context, it often refers to the blockage of a blood vessel or duct, preventing the flow of blood or other fluids. For example, a blood clot can occlude an artery.
Question 7: What part of the body is being visualized in a cystoscopy?
- Bladder (Correct answer)
- Knee
- Vagina
- Abdomen
Correct answer: Bladder
A cystoscopy is a medical procedure used to examine the inside of the bladder and urethra. A thin, flexible tube with a camera (cystoscope) is inserted through the urethra into the bladder, allowing a doctor to visualize these structures and diagnose conditions.
Question 8: What is the closest definition of diagnosis?
- Complication
- Explanation (Correct answer)
- Comment
- Alias
Correct answer: Explanation
In a medical context, a diagnosis is the identification of the nature of an illness or other problem by examination of the symptoms. It involves interpreting signs and symptoms to provide an explanation for a patient's condition. This explanation guides treatment and prognosis.
Question 9: What is the closest definition of biopsy?
- Enter a conversation
- Administer a written test
- Conduct an interview
- Remove for observation or study (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Remove for observation or study
A biopsy is a medical procedure involving the removal of tissue or cells from a living body. This sample is then sent to a laboratory for microscopic examination and study. The purpose is to diagnose diseases, especially cancer, or to determine the extent of a condition.
Question 10: What is the best definition of the word obstinate?
- Angry
- Passive
- Stubborn (Correct answer)
- Careless
Correct answer: Stubborn
The word 'obstinate' describes someone who is stubbornly refusing to change one's opinion or chosen course of action, despite attempts to persuade them. It implies a strong resistance to persuasion or change, often due to a fixed mindset. Therefore, 'stubborn' is the most direct and accurate synonym.
Question 11: Choose the correct pronoun: Between you and ____, the test was difficult.
- myself
- me (Correct answer)
- mine
- I
Correct answer: me
After the preposition "between," the objective pronoun "me" is required.
Question 12: Which word is spelled correctly?
- receeve
- receve
- receive (Correct answer)
- recieve
Correct answer: receive
Following the "i before e except after c" rule, "receive" is correct.
Question 13: Choose the word that correctly completes the sentence: 'The medication had a significant _____ on the patient's blood pressure.'
- effact
- effect (Correct answer)
- affeckt
- affect
Correct answer: effect
'Effect' is the correct noun meaning a result or outcome. 'Affect' is typically used as a verb meaning to influence.
Question 14: Select the correct verb: Neither the doctor nor the nurses ____ available right now.
- be
- was
- are (Correct answer)
- is
Correct answer: are
With "neither/nor," the verb agrees with the nearer subject "nurses," so "are" is correct.
Question 15: Choose the correct word: The nurse gave the medication to ____ patient was in pain.
- who (Correct answer)
- whom
- which
- whose
Correct answer: who
"Who" is the subject of the verb "was," so it is correct here.
Question 16: Which of the following best describes a valid conclusion drawn from a passage?
- A judgment supported by the text's evidence (Correct answer)
- A guess unrelated to the text
- The author's name
- A random opinion
Correct answer: A judgment supported by the text's evidence
A valid conclusion must be logically supported by evidence in the passage.
Question 17: A passage says a new policy 'sparked outrage among employees.' The word 'sparked' suggests the policy:
- Was quietly accepted
- Was forgotten quickly
- Triggered a strong reaction (Correct answer)
- Saved money
Correct answer: Triggered a strong reaction
'Sparked outrage' indicates the policy triggered a strong negative reaction.
Question 18: Which transition word signals that an example is coming?
- For instance (Correct answer)
- Although
- Meanwhile
- Nevertheless
Correct answer: For instance
'For instance' introduces an example that illustrates a point.
Question 19: Which word is a context clue that signals a contrast in a sentence?
- However (Correct answer)
- Because
- Therefore
- Similarly
Correct answer: However
'However' introduces an idea that contrasts with what came before.
Question 20: Which strategy is best when encountering an unfamiliar word?
- Skip the word entirely
- Look at surrounding words for clues (Correct answer)
- Ignore it if it’s not a noun
- Guess its meaning randomly
Correct answer: Look at surrounding words for clues
When encountering an unfamiliar word, the most effective strategy is to use context clues by looking at the surrounding words, sentences, and paragraphs. These clues often provide definitions, synonyms, antonyms, or examples that help readers deduce the word's meaning without interrupting their reading flow. This approach enhances comprehension and vocabulary development.
Question 21: Which process allows a cell to engulf large particles by wrapping its membrane around them?
- Phagocytosis (Correct answer)
- Osmosis
- Diffusion
- Translation
Correct answer: Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis is a form of endocytosis where the cell engulfs large solid particles.
Question 22: During meiosis, genetic diversity is increased by the exchange of segments between homologous chromosomes. What is this process called?
- Independent assortment
- Crossing over (Correct answer)
- Cytokinesis
- Nondisjunction
Correct answer: Crossing over
Crossing over occurs during prophase I of meiosis when homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material at points called chiasmata.
Question 23: What type of bond holds the two strands of DNA together in a double helix?
- Ionic bonds
- Covalent bonds
- Hydrogen bonds (Correct answer)
- Peptide bonds
Correct answer: Hydrogen bonds
Hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs (A-T and G-C) hold the two strands of the DNA double helix together.
Question 24: During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles?
- Anaphase (Correct answer)
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Telophase
Correct answer: Anaphase
In anaphase, sister chromatids are pulled apart toward opposite spindle poles.
Question 25: In a dihybrid cross of two heterozygous parents (AaBb), what is the phenotypic ratio of offspring?
- 1:2:1
- 9:3:3:1 (Correct answer)
- 3:1
- 1:1
Correct answer: 9:3:3:1
A cross of two AaBb individuals yields the classic 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio.
