HESI Anatomy And Physiology Practice Test 2
Which of the following does the diaphragm perform during exhalation?
Explanation:
To drive the air out, the air pressure in the lungs must rise above atmospheric pressure during exhalation. The diaphragm must relax and raise in order for this to happen. During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and lowers to enable more space in the lungs for air to enter.
Where is the hyoid bone located?
Explanation:
The hyoid bone is located between the chin and thyroid cartilage.
Ligaments connect which two structures?
Explanation:
Ligaments connect bone to bone, and tendons connect muscle to bone.
Which of the following is not true of synovial joints?
Explanation:
Instead of a synovial joint, the intervertebral discs of the spinal column form a fibrocartilaginous joint, which allows slight movement of the vertebrae of the spine.
Which of the following is not true of epithelial tissue?
Explanation:
Epithelial tissue is avascular, meaning it lacks blood vessels.
A person with AB- blood should not receive blood from which other blood type?
Explanation:
Those with an AB- blood type should not receive blood from those with AB+ blood. Although both AB+ and AB- blood have A and B antigens, the person with AB- blood lacks a special protein, or “Rhesus” Factor (Rh), circulating in their blood. If they are given blood that has the Rh factor present, their body will make antibodies to this foreign substance and complications will occur. This is especially true in pregnancy situations where the mother is Rh- and the baby she is carrying is Rh+.
Which valve is in charge of stopping blood from flowing backward from the right ventricle to the right atrium?
Explanation:
The pulmonary valve and the semilunar valve are the same mechanism that prevents blood from flowing backwards between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. The mitral valve is situated between the left ventricle and the left atrium of the heart. The aortic valve is a structure that connects the left ventricle to the aorta. The tricuspid valve is the only valve found on the right side between the right atrium and right ventricle.
Which blood type is considered the universal donor?
Explanation:
O- blood lacks both A and B antigens and the Rh factor, making it the only blood type that can donate to everyone.
The imaginary line that separates the body into superior and inferior regions is called what?
Explanation:
The transverse (horizontal) plane separates the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts. The sagittal, or vertical, plane separates the body into left and right halves, and the coronal plane separates the body into dorsal and ventral (back and front) sections.
What is the longest muscle in the human body?
Explanation:
The longest muscle in the human body is the sartorius muscle, which is located in the anterior thigh.
Where is the pyloric sphincter located?
Explanation:
The pyloric sphincter permits food to pass from the stomach and small intestine.
What would happen if the phrenic nerve was injured?
Explanation:
The phrenic nerve regulates breathing and diaphragm movement. If this region is damaged, the diaphragm will not get the required signals to contract and/or relax, making breathing on one's own exceedingly difficult or impossible.
Chocolate cysts of the ovaries are attributed to which of the following?
Explanation:
Endometriosis is a condition in which the tissue from the uterus (endometrium) grows in other parts of the body, such as the ovaries or bowel. If a woman has endometrial tissue in her ovary, the tissue bleeds and builds up over time, and as the blood ages it turns brown, hence the term “chocolate cyst.”
Which of the following is not produced by an exocrine gland?
Explanation:
Adrenaline is produced by the adrenals, which are endocrine glands.
Which kind of circulation is connected with the right side of the heart?
Explanation:
The right side of the heart collects deoxygenated blood from the upper and lower bodies. The right side of the heart's major function is to collect blood and transmit it to the lungs to absorb oxygen. This procedure refers to the pulmonary circulation. The movement of oxygenated blood from the left side of the heart to the upper and lower parts of the body is referred to as systemic circulation. The circulatory system does not include aortic, ventricular, or myocardial circulation.
What is the only artery in the body to carry oxygen-poor blood?
Explanation:
Most arteries in the body carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart, but the pulmonary artery carries oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs.