GXMO GXMO Anatomy and Radiographic Procedures 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which anatomical structure is located at the level of the sternal angle (angle of Louis) and is used as a landmark for chest X-rays?
- T4-T5 intervertebral disc (Correct answer)
- T1-T2 intervertebral disc
- T8-T9 intervertebral disc
- L1-L2 intervertebral disc
Correct answer: T4-T5 intervertebral disc
The sternal angle (angle of Louis) corresponds to the level of the T4-T5 intervertebral disc and marks the carina of the trachea.
Question 2: For a PA chest X-ray, the patient's hands should be placed:
- On the hips with elbows rotated forward (Correct answer)
- Behind the back with palms facing out
- At the sides with arms relaxed
- Above the head
Correct answer: On the hips with elbows rotated forward
Placing hands on the hips with elbows rotated forward moves the scapulae laterally, preventing them from overlying the lung fields.
Question 3: Which projection is best for demonstrating fluid levels in the sinuses?
- Erect PA or Waters projection (Correct answer)
- Supine AP projection
- Lateral recumbent projection
- Towne projection
Correct answer: Erect PA or Waters projection
Erect positioning (PA or Waters) allows fluid to pool at the bottom of sinuses, creating visible air-fluid levels on the radiograph.
Question 4: The recommended SID (source-to-image distance) for a routine PA chest X-ray is:
- 72 inches (183 cm) (Correct answer)
- 40 inches (102 cm)
- 56 inches (142 cm)
- 48 inches (122 cm)
Correct answer: 72 inches (183 cm)
A 72-inch SID is used for PA chest X-rays to minimize magnification of the heart and reduce patient dose.
Question 5: Which bone forms the posterior portion of the hard palate and is demonstrated on a Waters (parietoacanthial) projection?
- Palatine bone (Correct answer)
- Maxilla
- Vomer
- Zygomatic bone
Correct answer: Palatine bone
The palatine bone forms the posterior one-third of the hard palate and is visible in the Waters projection used for facial bone evaluation.
Question 6: When performing a KUB (kidneys, ureters, bladder) radiograph, the central ray is directed to:
- Iliac crest level (Correct answer)
- Umbilicus
- ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine)
- Xiphoid process
Correct answer: Iliac crest level
The central ray for a KUB is directed to the level of the iliac crests to include all urinary structures from the kidneys to the bladder.
GXMO GXMO Anatomy and Radiographic Procedures 1
Which anatomical structure is located at the level of the sternal angle (angle of Louis) and is used as a landmark for chest X-rays?