GI Nutrition & Gut Health 2

Question 1

Which short-chain fatty acid produced by gut bacteria is the primary energy source for colonocytes?

Accepted Answer

Butyrate

Answer

Butyrate is the preferred energy substrate for colonocytes and plays a key role in maintaining colonic mucosal integrity.

Question 2

A patient with celiac disease must avoid which protein found in wheat, barley, and rye?

Accepted Answer

Gluten

Answer

Gluten triggers an immune-mediated inflammatory response in the small intestinal mucosa of celiac disease patients.

Question 3

What is the recommended daily fiber intake for adults according to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

Accepted Answer

25–38 grams

Answer

The Dietary Guidelines recommend 25 g/day for women and 38 g/day for men, with a general target of 25–38 g/day.

Question 4

Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor secreted by gastric parietal cells for intestinal absorption?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12

Answer

Intrinsic factor binds vitamin B12 in the stomach, and the complex is absorbed in the terminal ileum.

Question 5

Lactase deficiency leading to lactose intolerance causes GI symptoms primarily through which mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Osmotic diarrhea and gas from bacterial fermentation

Answer

Undigested lactose draws water into the colon osmotically and is fermented by bacteria, producing gas, bloating, and diarrhea.

(GI) Gastrointestinal Practice Test