GI Nutrition & Gut Health 2

Question 1

Which short-chain fatty acid produced by gut bacteria is the primary energy source for colonocytes?

Accepted Answer

Butyrate

Answer

Acetate

Answer

Propionate

Answer

Succinate

Question 2

A patient with celiac disease must avoid which protein found in wheat, barley, and rye?

Accepted Answer

Gluten

Answer

Casein

Answer

Lactalbumin

Answer

Zein

Question 3

What is the recommended daily fiber intake for adults according to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

Accepted Answer

25–38 grams

Answer

10–15 grams

Answer

20–25 grams

Answer

45–55 grams

Question 4

Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor secreted by gastric parietal cells for intestinal absorption?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12

Answer

Vitamin B6

Answer

Folate

Answer

Vitamin C

Question 5

Lactase deficiency leading to lactose intolerance causes GI symptoms primarily through which mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Osmotic diarrhea and gas from bacterial fermentation

Answer

Mucosal inflammation

Answer

Increased gastric acid secretion

Answer

Delayed gastric emptying

Question 6

Which type of dietary fiber is most effective at lowering LDL cholesterol by binding bile acids in the gut?

Accepted Answer

Soluble fiber (beta-glucan, psyllium)

Answer

Insoluble fiber (cellulose)

Answer

Resistant starch

Answer

Lignin

Question 7

A patient on long-term proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy is at increased risk for deficiency of which nutrient?

Accepted Answer

Calcium and magnesium

Answer

Vitamin A

Answer

Vitamin K

Answer

Zinc