GED Learning Theories & Psychology 2

Question 1

According to Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) is:

Accepted Answer

The gap between what a learner can do alone and what they can do with guidance

Answer

The ZPD is the distance between a student's current independent ability and what they can achieve with the assistance of a more knowledgeable other — it defines the optimal space for learning.

Question 2

B.F. Skinner's operant conditioning theory suggests that behavior is shaped primarily by:

Accepted Answer

Consequences — reinforcement strengthens behavior; punishment weakens it

Answer

Operant conditioning proposes that behavior is controlled by its consequences — behaviors followed by reinforcement (positive outcomes) increase in frequency; behaviors followed by punishment decrease.

Question 3

Piaget's concept of 'assimilation' means:

Accepted Answer

Fitting new information into an existing mental schema without changing the schema

Answer

Assimilation is the process of incorporating new information into existing cognitive schemas without significantly changing those schemas — the new experience 'fits' what is already known.

Question 4

Which learning theory emphasizes that learners actively construct knowledge through experience rather than passively receiving information?

Accepted Answer

Constructivism

Answer

Constructivism, associated with Piaget and Vygotsky, holds that learners actively build their own understanding through experience, reflection, and social interaction — not through passive reception of information.

Question 5

Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs suggests that students cannot focus on learning until:

Accepted Answer

Their more basic physiological and safety needs are met

Answer

Maslow's hierarchy places physiological needs (food, sleep) and safety needs at the base — students who are hungry, unsafe, or emotionally insecure cannot direct attention to higher-level learning needs.

GED Practice Test

GED Practice Test

GED Learning Theories & Psychology 2