GCSE Coastal Landscapes

Question 1

What is the process called when waves force air into cracks in a cliff, causing pressure that breaks the rock apart?

Accepted Answer

Hydraulic action

Answer

Hydraulic action is the force of water and compressed air breaking apart rock in cracks and joints.

Question 2

What type of erosion involves rocks and sediment carried by waves scraping and wearing away the cliff face?

Accepted Answer

Abrasion

Answer

Abrasion (also called corrasion) is when waves throw sediment against the cliff, sanding it down.

Question 3

What is the process in which rocks and sediment carried by waves collide with each other and become smaller and rounder called?

Accepted Answer

Attrition

Answer

Attrition occurs when transported particles collide with one another, breaking into smaller, smoother fragments.

Question 4

A headland is eroded through cracks, caves, and arches. What landform remains after the arch collapses?

Accepted Answer

A stack

Answer

When an arch collapses, an isolated pillar of rock called a stack is left standing separate from the headland.

Question 5

What is the movement of sand and shingle along a coastline, caused by waves hitting the beach at an angle, called?

Accepted Answer

Longshore drift

Answer

Longshore drift moves sediment along the coast in a zigzag pattern following the prevailing wind direction.

GCSE - General Certificate of Secondary Education Practice Test