GCSE Cell Biology 4

Question 1

Active transport differs from diffusion because it:

Accepted Answer

Moves substances against a concentration gradient using energy

Answer

Active transport uses ATP energy to move substances from low to high concentration — against the concentration gradient.

Question 2

What is the main function of the large permanent vacuole in a plant cell?

Accepted Answer

To store water and maintain turgor pressure

Answer

The large permanent vacuole stores cell sap and helps maintain turgor pressure, which keeps plant cells firm.

Question 3

A student counts 20 cells undergoing mitosis in a sample of 200 cells. What is the mitotic index?

Accepted Answer

0.1

Answer

Mitotic index = cells in mitosis ÷ total cells = 20 ÷ 200 = 0.1.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes a stem cell?

Accepted Answer

An undifferentiated cell that can divide and develop into different cell types

Answer

Stem cells are unspecialised cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation into various specialised cell types.

Question 5

Why do multicellular organisms need specialised cells?

Accepted Answer

Because different functions require cells with different structures

Answer

Different functions — like oxygen transport, nerve impulse transmission, or photosynthesis — require cells adapted with specific structural features.

GCSE - General Certificate of Secondary Education Practice Test