GCSE Cell Biology 3

Question 1

What is the term for a cell that contains two complete sets of chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Diploid

Answer

Diploid cells (2n) contain two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

Question 2

Which molecule carries genetic instructions from the nucleus to the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

mRNA

Answer

Messenger RNA (mRNA) is transcribed from DNA in the nucleus and carries the genetic code to ribosomes for translation.

Question 3

A plant cell placed in a concentrated (hypertonic) solution will most likely undergo which change?

Accepted Answer

Plasmolysis — cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall

Answer

In a hypertonic solution, water leaves the plant cell by osmosis, causing the cell membrane to shrink away from the cell wall — a process called plasmolysis.

Question 4

Which structure controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Cell membrane

Answer

The partially permeable cell membrane selectively controls which substances enter and leave the cell.

Question 5

What does the term 'differentiation' mean in cell biology?

Accepted Answer

A cell becoming specialised to perform a specific function

Answer

Differentiation is the process by which a cell develops into a specialised type with a specific structure and function.

GCSE - General Certificate of Secondary Education Practice Test

GCSE - General Certificate of Secondary Education Practice Test

GCSE Cell Biology 3