History: Modern Chinese History Flashcards
6 cards from real GAOKAO practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 History: Modern Chinese History flashcards as text
The Hundred Days' Reform (百日维新, 1898) failed primarily because:
Answer: Empress Dowager Cixi and conservative Qing officials launched a coup (戊戌政变) overthrowing the reformers
After 103 days of reform edicts by Emperor Guangxu, Empress Dowager Cixi staged the Wuxu Coup (September 1898), arrested the Emperor, executed six leading reformers (戊戌六君子), and reversed most reforms.
The Xinhai Revolution (辛亥革命, 1911) led to:
Answer: The overthrow of the Qing Dynasty and the establishment of the Republic of China
The Xinhai Revolution, beginning with the Wuchang Uprising (October 10, 1911), led to the abdication of the last Qing Emperor Puyi and the founding of the Republic of China (中华民国) on January 1, 1912, under Sun Yat-sen.
The Cultural Revolution (文化大革命, 1966-1976) was characterized by:
Answer: Mass political campaigns targeting 'class enemies,' intellectuals, and party officials deemed insufficiently revolutionary, causing widespread social disruption
The Cultural Revolution involved the Red Guards persecuting teachers, intellectuals, party officials, and cultural figures; destroying historical sites; and shutting schools and universities. It caused enormous human suffering and economic damage.
The Nanjing Massacre (南京大屠杀, 1937-1938) occurred during:
Answer: The Japanese occupation of Nanjing following the fall of the Chinese capital during the Second Sino-Japanese War
After capturing Nanjing (then China's capital) in December 1937 during the Second Sino-Japanese War, Japanese forces killed an estimated 200,000-300,000 Chinese civilians and prisoners of war over six weeks.
The Special Economic Zones (经济特区, SEZs) established in the early 1980s were important because:
Answer: They served as experimental areas for market-oriented economic reforms and attracted foreign investment before national implementation
SEZs (Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou, Xiamen, and later Hainan) were designated areas where market mechanisms, foreign investment, and capitalist economic practices were permitted as experiments before wider national adoption.
The Agrarian Reform (土地改革, 1950-1953) in early PRC redistributed land by:
Answer: Confiscating land from landlords and distributing it to landless and land-poor peasants
The Land Reform Law (1950) classified rural population into landlords, rich peasants, middle peasants, and poor peasants. Landlords' land, animals, tools, and surplus grain were confiscated and redistributed to landless poor and middle peasants.