History: Modern Chinese History Flashcards
6 cards from real GAOKAO practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 History: Modern Chinese History flashcards as text
The May Fourth Movement (五四运动, 1919) was triggered by China's reaction to which event?
Answer: The Paris Peace Conference's decision to transfer German concessions in Shandong to Japan
The May Fourth Movement erupted when news reached China that the Paris Peace Conference (1919) would give Germany's concessions in Shandong province to Japan instead of returning them to China — despite China being an Allied Power.
The First United Front (第一次国共合作, 1923-1927) was an alliance between:
Answer: The Chinese Communist Party (CPC) and the Nationalist Party (KMT/Guomindang)
The First United Front was a coalition between the CPC and the KMT under Sun Yat-sen, formed to fight northern warlords. It broke down in 1927 with Chiang Kai-shek's Shanghai Massacre.
The Yan'an Rectification Movement (延安整风运动, 1942-1945) was significant because it:
Answer: Established Mao Zedong's ideological authority within the CPC and standardized Marxism-Leninism with Chinese characteristics
The Yan'an Rectification Movement was an ideological and organizational campaign that cemented Mao Zedong Thought as the CPC's guiding ideology and purged competing Soviet-aligned factions.
The Chinese Civil War (国共内战) ended in 1949 with:
Answer: The CPC's proclamation of the People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949, and the KMT's retreat to Taiwan
After the CPC's decisive military victories in 1948-49 (Huaihai, Liaoshen, Pingjin campaigns), Mao Zedong proclaimed the PRC on October 1, 1949, while the KMT government retreated to Taiwan.
The Great Leap Forward (大跃进, 1958-1962) resulted in:
Answer: A massive famine causing tens of millions of deaths due to unrealistic production targets and agricultural collectivization failures
The Great Leap Forward's unrealistic steel and grain production targets, combined with the collectivization of agriculture into People's Communes, caused a catastrophic famine with an estimated 15-55 million excess deaths (1959-1961).
China's Reform and Opening Up Policy (改革开放) launched in 1978 was initiated by:
Answer: Deng Xiaoping at the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the CPC
The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee (十一届三中全会, December 1978) marked Deng Xiaoping's rise and launched the reform era: shifting focus from class struggle to economic development.