History: Modern Chinese History 1 Flashcards
6 cards from real GAOKAO practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 History: Modern Chinese History 1 flashcards as text
The Long March (长征, 1934-1935) was undertaken by the Chinese Red Army primarily to:
Answer: Escape Nationalist encirclement campaigns and relocate to a new revolutionary base in the northwest
The Long March was a strategic military retreat to escape the Nationalist 'encirclement and suppression campaigns' (围剿). The Red Army traveled roughly 9,000 km from Jiangxi Province to Yan'an in Shaanxi, where it rebuilt as a revolutionary base — a survival that proved decisive for the CCP's future.
The Chinese Communist Party (中国共产党) was officially founded at its First National Congress in:
Answer: Shanghai, 1921
The CCP held its First National Congress in Shanghai in July 1921. Key founding figures included Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao, and Mao Zedong attended as a delegate from Hunan Province.
The Marco Polo Bridge Incident (七七事变) of July 7, 1937 is historically significant because it:
Answer: Marked the beginning of Japan's full-scale invasion of China and the Second Sino-Japanese War
The clash between Japanese and Chinese troops near Beijing on July 7, 1937 escalated into Japan's full-scale invasion, launching the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945), also called the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (抗日战争).
The Shanghai Massacre (四一二政变) of April 12, 1927 was a turning point in Chinese history because it:
Answer: Shattered the First United Front as Chiang Kai-shek violently purged Communist allies
On April 12, 1927, Chiang Kai-shek ordered Nationalist forces and Shanghai underworld gangsters to massacre Communist Party members and labor unionists, killing thousands. This ended the First United Front and launched an open civil war between the KMT and CCP.
The Xinhai Revolution (辛亥革命) of 1911 most directly resulted in:
Answer: The abdication of Emperor Puyi and the founding of the Republic of China
The Xinhai Revolution, organized by Sun Yat-sen's Revolutionary Alliance (同盟会), overthrew the Qing dynasty. Emperor Puyi abdicated in February 1912, ending over 2,000 years of imperial rule and establishing the Republic of China with Sun Yat-sen as its provisional president.
The Nanjing Massacre (南京大屠杀, December 1937 – January 1938) refers to:
Answer: The systematic mass killing of an estimated 300,000 Chinese civilians and prisoners of war by Japanese forces after Nanjing fell
After Japanese forces captured the then-Chinese capital Nanjing in December 1937, they committed widespread atrocities over approximately six weeks — killing an estimated 300,000 civilians and POWs. Also known as the Rape of Nanjing, it remains a defining and deeply contested episode in Sino-Japanese history.