Gaokao Geography: Physical and Human Geography Flashcards
7 cards from real GAOKAO practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Gaokao Geography: Physical and Human Geography flashcards as text
The 'demographic dividend' refers to the economic growth potential that arises when:
Answer: A large proportion of the population is in the working-age group relative to dependents
The demographic dividend occurs during the transition when falling birth rates reduce the proportion of youth dependents while a large working-age cohort is still economically active before aging.
Which of the following best describes the formation of a 'fjord'?
Answer: A narrow, deep coastal inlet formed by glacial erosion subsequently flooded by rising sea levels
Fjords are overdeepened glacial valleys whose bottoms lie below sea level; as glaciers retreated during deglaciation, rising sea levels flooded these valleys, creating the characteristic steep-sided inlets.
According to the gravity model of spatial interaction, the flow of people or goods between two cities is:
Answer: Directly proportional to the product of their populations and inversely proportional to distance (often squared)
The gravity model (I = G × P₁P₂/d²) predicts interaction is greatest between large, nearby cities and smallest between small, distant ones — analogous to Newton's law of gravity.
The 'Rostow stages of economic development' model predicts that all societies pass through how many distinct stages?
Answer: Five
Rostow's 1960 model identifies five stages: traditional society, preconditions for take-off, take-off, drive to maturity, and the age of high mass consumption.
Which of the following is a MAJOR environmental consequence of large-scale deforestation in tropical rainforests?
Answer: Loss of biodiversity, soil erosion, and disruption of the regional hydrological cycle
Tropical deforestation removes the canopy that intercepts rainfall, disrupts transpiration (reducing precipitation recycling), causes soil erosion, and destroys habitat for 50%+ of Earth's species.
In economic geography, 'agglomeration economies' refer to the benefits that firms gain from:
Answer: Locating near other firms in the same or related industries, sharing infrastructure and labor
Agglomeration economies (Marshall's external economies) arise when firms cluster together, sharing specialized labor pools, supplier networks, knowledge spillovers, and infrastructure.
The 'Coriolis effect' causes winds in the Northern Hemisphere to deflect:
Answer: To the right of their direction of motion
Earth's rotation causes moving air (and water) to deflect to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere, creating the characteristic spiral patterns of cyclones and anticyclones.