Gaokao Geography: Physical and Human Geography Flashcards
7 cards from real GAOKAO practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Gaokao Geography: Physical and Human Geography flashcards as text
Which climate type is characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters and is found on the western coasts of continents between 30°–45° latitude?
Answer: Mediterranean (Csa/Csb)
Mediterranean climates (Köppen Cs) feature summer drought due to subtropical high pressure and winter rainfall from westerly winds; examples include California, central Chile, and the Mediterranean basin.
The demographic transition model predicts that a country enters Stage 3 when:
Answer: Birth rates begin to fall while death rates remain low, slowing population growth
Stage 3 sees declining birth rates (due to urbanization, improved education, and contraception access) while death rates are already low, resulting in decelerating but still positive population growth.
The process by which wind erodes and transports fine sediment, eventually depositing it as thick layers of fertile soil, is called:
Answer: Loess deposition by aeolian processes
Loess deposits are wind-blown silt that can reach depths of hundreds of meters; China's Loess Plateau is the world's largest loess deposit and exemplifies how aeolian processes create highly fertile soils.
In urban geography, the Central Business District (CBD) is typically characterized by:
Answer: High land values, commercial concentration, and minimal residential use
The CBD has the highest land values in the city due to competition for central locations; it is dominated by offices, retail, and commercial uses, with little residential land use.
Which type of plate boundary produces the deepest ocean trenches and most explosive volcanic eruptions?
Answer: Destructive (convergent/subduction) boundary
At destructive boundaries, the denser oceanic plate subducts beneath a continental or oceanic plate, forming deep trenches (e.g., Mariana Trench) and explosive arc volcanoes due to water-rich melting.
The concept of 'comparative advantage' in agricultural geography suggests that regions should specialize in producing goods for which they:
Answer: Can produce at a lower opportunity cost than other regions
Comparative advantage (Ricardo) means a region should specialize in the product where its opportunity cost is lowest relative to other regions, enabling mutually beneficial trade.
According to the World Urbanization Prospects, which of the following factors MOST directly drives rural-to-urban migration in developing countries?
Answer: Urban-rural wage differentials and better employment opportunities
The Harris-Todaro model and empirical evidence show that expected wage differentials between urban and rural areas are the primary driver of rural-to-urban migration in developing nations.