Gaokao English: Reading Comprehension Flashcards

Read the passage and answer the question. Passage: Forests regulate the water cycle in ways many people do not realize. Trees absorb rainwater through their roots and release it gradually back into the atmosphere through a process called transpiration. Deforested areas experience more extreme flooding after heavy rain because the soil cannot absorb water as effectively without tree roots. Conversely, these areas suffer more severe droughts between rainy seasons. What role does transpiration play according to the passage?

Answer: It helps trees release absorbed water gradually back into the atmosphere.

The passage directly states transpiration is the process by which trees release absorbed water back into the atmosphere.

Read the passage and answer the question. Passage: The concept of emotional intelligence (EI) was popularized by psychologist Daniel Goleman in the 1990s. EI refers to the ability to recognize, understand, and manage one's own emotions, as well as to recognize and influence the emotions of others. Some researchers argue that EI is a better predictor of life success than traditional IQ. Critics, however, question whether EI is a distinct form of intelligence or simply a collection of personality traits. What is the main disagreement about emotional intelligence described in the passage?

Answer: Whether EI constitutes a true form of intelligence or merely personality traits.

The passage presents critics questioning whether EI is genuinely a form of intelligence or just personality traits — this is the central debate described.

Read the passage and answer the question. Passage: In the 19th century, women who pursued higher education faced tremendous obstacles. Many universities refused to admit female students. Those who did gain access were often barred from the same libraries, laboratories, and lectures as men. Despite this, pioneering women such as Marie Curie earned advanced degrees and made groundbreaking scientific contributions, challenging prevailing beliefs about women's intellectual capabilities. What does the author imply by describing Marie Curie and others as 'pioneering'?

Answer: They were exceptional individuals who overcame extraordinary barriers.

'Pioneering' implies going first in difficult circumstances; the passage shows these women overcame significant systemic barriers.

Read the passage and answer the question. Passage: Green architecture seeks to design buildings that minimize environmental impact. Features include solar panels, green roofs planted with vegetation, rainwater harvesting systems, and materials with low carbon footprints. Beyond environmental benefits, green buildings often have lower long-term operating costs due to energy savings, though the initial construction costs are typically higher than conventional buildings. According to the passage, what is a financial disadvantage of green buildings?

Answer: They cost more to build initially than conventional buildings.

The passage explicitly states that initial construction costs are typically higher, though long-term operating costs are lower.

Read the passage and answer the question. Passage: Music education in schools is often among the first programs cut when budgets tighten. However, research shows that children who study music develop stronger mathematical reasoning, better language skills, and greater discipline than those who do not. Neuroscientists have found that musical training actually changes the brain's structure, strengthening connections between different regions. Reducing music programs may therefore have unintended consequences for academic achievement overall. What conclusion does the author draw about cutting music programs?

Answer: It may harm overall academic performance in unexpected ways.

The author argues that cutting music programs may have 'unintended consequences for academic achievement' based on the presented research.

Read the passage and answer the question. Passage: Migration has been a defining feature of human history. People have always moved in search of better economic opportunities, safety, and resources. In modern times, conflicts, climate change, and economic inequality drive millions to leave their home countries. Host nations face complex challenges: integrating newcomers, managing limited resources, and balancing cultural changes, while also benefiting from the skills and labor migrants bring. Which of the following best summarizes the passage?

Answer: Migration is a long-standing human behavior with both challenges and benefits for receiving countries.

The passage describes migration as historically continuous and presents both the challenges (resources, integration) and benefits (skills, labor) for host nations.

Read the passage and answer the question. Passage: E-books and digital reading devices have transformed how people consume written material. Proponents point to convenience: a single device can store thousands of books. Studies suggest, however, that readers retain information more effectively when reading print. Researchers theorize this may be because physical page-turning provides spatial cues that help readers navigate and remember content. What reason do researchers give for better retention with print?

Answer: Physical page-turning provides spatial cues that aid memory.

The passage directly attributes better retention to spatial cues provided by physical page-turning.