Biology: Genetics and Evolution Flashcards
6 cards from real GAOKAO practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Biology: Genetics and Evolution flashcards as text
Which term describes two species living in the same area at the same time that can potentially interbreed?
Answer: Sympatric populations
Sympatric populations occupy the same geographic area simultaneously, allowing potential interbreeding.
Which type of inheritance occurs when both alleles are equally expressed in the heterozygote, such as AB blood type?
Answer: Codominance
Codominance occurs when both alleles are fully expressed simultaneously, as in AB blood type where both A and B antigens are present.
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
Answer: DNA → RNA → Protein
The central dogma describes the flow of genetic information: DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium requires which of the following conditions?
Answer: No natural selection
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium requires no natural selection, random mating, no mutation, no gene flow, and a large population.
Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration, often called the 'powerhouse of the cell'?
Answer: Mitochondria
Mitochondria perform aerobic respiration, generating the majority of the cell's ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
A homozygous dominant plant (TT) is crossed with a homozygous recessive plant (tt). What fraction of offspring will be heterozygous?
Answer: 1
All offspring of a TT × tt cross inherit one T and one t allele, making 100% (all) of them heterozygous Tt.